effect of temperature on solids in liquid

 Here’s a simple, exam-friendly explanation of the effect of temperature on solubility for your Class 12 CBSE students:

🌡️ Effect of Temperature on Solubility

🔍 What Happens When Temperature Changes?

The solubility of a solid in a liquid changes with temperature because the dissolution process is a type of dynamic equilibrium.

⚖️ Le Chatelier’s Principle

Since dissolution and crystallization occur simultaneously at equilibrium, any change in temperature will shift the balance:

  • If the dissolution is endothermic (absorbs heat, ∆H > 0),
    → Increasing temperature increases solubility.

  • If the dissolution is exothermic (releases heat, ∆H < 0),
    → Increasing temperature decreases solubility.

🧪 What Does This Mean?

  • For many solids like potassium nitrate (KNO₃), dissolving absorbs heat, so they dissolve more when heated.

  • For some solids, dissolving releases heat, so they dissolve less when heated.

📌 Summary:

Type of Dissolution Heat Change (∆H) Effect of Temperature on Solubility
Endothermic ∆H > 0 Solubility increases with temperature
Exothermic ∆H < 0 Solubility decreases with temperature

Would you like an easy diagram or graph to illustrate this concept in your class?


Absolutely! Here’s a precise, clear, and correct explanation of the effect of temperature on solubility tailored for Class 12 CBSE students:

🌡️ Effect of Temperature on Solubility of a Solid in a Liquid

🔍 What Happens?

When a solid dissolves in a liquid, an equilibrium is established between the solid and its dissolved ions or molecules in the solution. This equilibrium can be represented as:

Solute (solid)⇌Solute (dissolved)\text{Solute (solid)} \rightleftharpoons \text{Solute (dissolved)}

Because this is a dynamic equilibrium, any change in temperature will affect the position of equilibrium according to Le Chatelier’s Principle.

⚖️ Le Chatelier’s Principle and Solubility

  • If the dissolution process absorbs heat (endothermic; ∆H > 0), then increasing the temperature will shift equilibrium towards more dissolution → solubility increases.

  • If the dissolution process releases heat (exothermic; ∆H < 0), then increasing the temperature will shift equilibrium towards crystallization → solubility decreases.

📊 Summary Table

Dissolution Type Heat Change (∆H) Effect of Increasing Temperature on Solubility
Endothermic Positive (∆H > 0) Solubility increases
Exothermic Negative (∆H < 0) Solubility decreases

🧪 Example:

  • Potassium nitrate (KNO₃) dissolves by absorbing heat (endothermic), so its solubility increases with temperature.

  • Some salts dissolve exothermically, so their solubility decreases as temperature rises.

🔑 Important Note for Exams:

  • Always mention Le Chatelier’s Principle when explaining the temperature effect.

  • Be sure to state whether the dissolution is endothermic or exothermic to explain the change in solubility.

Would you like me to prepare a graph or diagram to visually explain this?

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