⚖️ Henry’s Law and Dalton’s Law – Linked Explanation with Formulas

 Absolutely! Here's a CBSE Class 12–friendly, impactful explanation linking Henry’s Law and Dalton’s Law, now with their mathematical expressions, in a format that's ideal for classroom presentation, student notes, or board exam answers.

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⚖️ Henry’s Law and Dalton’s Law – Linked Explanation with Formulas

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✅ Henry’s Law – Solubility and Pressure

Henry’s Law states:
At constant temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid.

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📘 Mathematical Expression of Henry’s Law:

$$p = K_H \cdot x$$

Where:

• p = partial pressure of the gas (in vapour phase)

• x = mole fraction of the gas in the solution (i.e., solubility)

• KH = Henry’s law constant (depends on gas and temperature)

📌 Implication:

• ↑ pressure (p) ⇒ ↑ solubility (x)

• ↑ KH ⇒ ↓ solubility (because x = p / KH)

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✅ Dalton’s Law – Partial Pressure of Gases

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures states:
In a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure is equal to the sum of partial pressures of individual gases.

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📘 Mathematical Expression of Dalton’s Law:

$$P_{\text{total}} = p_1 + p_2 + p_3 + \dots$$

Or for any one gas:

$$p_A = x_A \cdot P_{\text{total}}$$

Where:

• pA = partial pressure of gas A

• xA = mole fraction of gas A in the mixture

• Ptotal = total pressure of the gas mixture

📌 This shows that a gas’s partial pressure depends on:

• Its proportion in the mixture (x)

• The overall pressure (Ptotal)

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🔗 Connecting Henry and Dalton:

Feature	Henry’s Law	Dalton’s Law
Focus	Gas solubility in a liquid	Gas pressure in a mixture
Variable used	p = KH · x	p = x · Ptotal
Common variable	Partial pressure (p)	Partial pressure (p)
Use of mole fraction	x = mole fraction of gas in solution	x = mole fraction of gas in mixture
Implication	Higher p ⇒ more gas dissolves	Higher x ⇒ higher p in gas mixture

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📝 CBSE Board Exam Tip:

• In 3-mark or 5-mark questions:

  • Define Henry’s Law with formula

  • Briefly mention Dalton’s contribution

  • Show the connection via partial pressure and mole fraction

  • Include at least one example or application

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🧠 Example Question:

Q. Define Henry’s Law. How is it related to Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures? Give mathematical expressions.

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