saturated and unsaturated

 Here’s a simple, clear, and exam-friendly explanation of Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions for your Class 12 CBSE students:

🧪 Saturated and Unsaturated Solutions

1. Unsaturated Solution

  • A solution in which more solute can still dissolve at the given temperature and pressure.

  • The solute concentration is less than the solubility limit.

  • Example: If you add a small amount of sugar in water and it dissolves completely, the solution is unsaturated.

2. Saturated Solution

  • A solution in which no more solute can dissolve at the given temperature and pressure.

  • The solute concentration is at its maximum solubility limit.

  • Any extra solute added will remain undissolved and settle at the bottom.

  • At this point, dynamic equilibrium exists between dissolution and crystallisation.

🔄 Dynamic Equilibrium in Saturated Solution

  • The rate at which solute dissolves = The rate at which solute crystallizes out.

  • The concentration of solute remains constant.

📌 Summary Table

Solution Type Solute Dissolved? Example Equilibrium Present?
Unsaturated More solute can dissolve Sugar solution with little sugar No
Saturated No more solute can dissolve Salt water with undissolved salt Yes (dynamic equilibrium)

🧠 Important Exam Tip:

  • Remember to mention temperature and pressure while defining these terms.

  • Draw a diagram showing undissolved solute at the bottom in saturated solutions.

Would you like me to prepare a diagram or slide explaining this visually?

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